BACKGROUNDConservative surgical treatment has been the treatment of choice for early breast cancer. It allows feasible oncological treatment with a satisfactory cosmetic approach and fast recovery. However, in some cases mastectomy is necessary. This study proposes a surgical approach with only one surgical access through the same incision, which is in line with precepts mentioned above. It is called the prime incision and modified Moving Window techniques.METHODS Thirty one patients with a breast cancer diagnosis who would have to undergo surgery were enrolled. The proposed technique was used and its advantages and feasibility were assessed and evaluated.RESULTSTwenty three conservative surgeries, 7 adenectomies and 1 axillary surgery were performed. All cases were appropriately treated and progressed without complications and had adequate aesthetic results. The technique presented allows only one surgical access to approach the axilla and breast cancer treatment.CONCLUSIONThis study proved the aesthetic advantage provided by only one surgical incision access feasible for surgical treatment as a secure approach. The minimally invasive approaches of prime incision and modified Moving Window were shown to provide adequate surgical access with only one scar, thus having a better cosmetic result.

As a fundamental device in acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) systems, the echo canceller based on adaptive filters relies on the adaptive approximation of the echo-path. However, the adaptive filter must face the risk of divergence during the double-talk periods when the near-end is present. To solve this problem, the double-talk-detector (DTD) is often used to detect the double-talk periods and prevent the echo canceller from being disturbed by the other end of the speaker’s signal. In this paper, we propose a DTD based on a new method that can detect quickly and track accurately double-talk periods. It is based on the sum of energies of the estimated echo and the microphone signals which is continuously compared to the error energy. A Window that moves with time and tracks energy variations of the different input signals of the DTD represents a fundamental feature of the proposed method compared to several other methods based on correlation. The goal is to outperform conventional normalized cross-correlation (NCC) methods which are well-known in terms of small steady-state misalignment and stability of decision variable. In this work, the normalized least mean squares (NLMS) algorithm is used to update the filter coefficients along speech signals which are taken from the NOIZEUS database. Efficiency of the proposed method is particularly compared to the conventional Geigel algorithm and normalized cross-correlation method (NCC) that depends on the cross-correlation between the microphone signal and the error signal of AEC. Performance evaluation is confirmed by computer simulation

This paper proposes a complete diagnostic analysis of faults in a typical modern power system's transmission line using the support vector machine (SVM) with time-series parameters and frequency series parameters as features. The training and testing data of the proposed method are collected by simulating all types of faults with all possible variations on a transmission line (TL) in the IEEE-9 bus system using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. While simulating one type of fault, fault resistances and fault inception angles are also varied to account for the various behaviours of the fault. The three-phase instantaneous currents and voltages on both sides of TL are recorded at 32 samples per cycle. A thirty-two sample Moving Window is used to compute time-series and frequency-series parameters applied as features to the SVM. Ten-fold cross-validation is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm with evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. Features generation, training and testing of the proposed method, and performance comparison are done using PYTHON software. The proposed method has achieved an average accuracy of 99.996%, even in the most contaminated environment of 30 dB noise. Compared with the performance of the other popular machine learning algorithms, the proposed method has achieved more accuracy. The performance of the proposed method is also tested with different noise levels, which account for the measurement errors of 30 dB, 35 dB and 40 dB.

The Passive Image Interferometry (PII) approach, which incorporates a cross-correlation process to reconstruct the green function between two stations, is emerging as an effective tool for studying seismic velocity changes. These changes provide significant information about the earth's structural and mechanical properties between the stations. Despite its numerous benefits, monitoring fault zones with PII can be challenging due to various processes that can cause velocity changes in the crust. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of this method on the noise recorded in two seismic stations near the fault zone that caused the Sefid-Sang earthquake with a magnitude of Mw = 6.1. Our study covers a period of 15 months, including 12 months before and three months after the earthquake. We investigated velocity changes across different frequency ranges and examined the effect of stacking on the results. Our analysis revealed a 0.3% increase in seismic velocity two months before the earthquake.

Propagation of shock waves over a cylinder, sphere and projectile are numerically simulated. Time dependent full Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically with Roe’s scheme. For cylinder and sphere, the diffraction pattern, loci of triple points and shape of diffraction shocks are obtained and compared with experimental results. It is shown that good agreement is obtained, and Roe’s method is capable of predicting those flows. Interaction of a Moving shock wave with flow around a SOCBT projectile is simulated numerically and flow features, pressure coefficient distribution on the projectile surfaces and the time histories of the drag force are obtained. Results show that as the Moving shock wave passes through the projectile, the flow field and aerodynamic forces are changed dramatically. The time history of the drag force shows that it decreases and even becomes negative while shock wave passes the projectile.